Timbuktu is located in the present day Republic of Mali at the edge of the Sahara desert.Timbuktu was founded by the Tuareg Imashagan or Kel Tamasheq in the 11th century. In 1894 French colonial forces seized Timbuktu.

The famous scholar of Timbuktu Ahmad Baba who was among those deported to Morocco said that his library of 1600 books had been plundered, and his library, according to him, was one of the smaller in the city. The Emperor took with him 12 tones of pure gold and a large caravan of 60,000 men on horses and camels. According to the inhabitants of Timbuktu, gold came from the south, the salt from the north and Divine knowledge from Timbuktu. "I've been to Timbuktu many times.

Interviewed by the Times the local residents claimed to have safeguarded the three hundred thousand manuscripts for generations.

Like many others, we had thought it a mythical place and when we realised it wasn't, it seemed like a good place for two guys to go on a gap year. The town is ancient, though, and justifiably ranks as one of the world's most famous places.

He made a two-year pilgrimage to The week-long festival of Mawloud is held every January, and celebrates the birthday of the Prophet Muhammed—the city's "most cherished manuscripts" are read publicly, and are a central part of this celebration.An earlier nomination in 1979 failed the following year as it lacked proper demarcation:Shortly afterwards, the monuments were placed on the In May 2012, Ansar Dine destroyed a shrine in the cityTimbuktu was a world centre of Islamic learning from the 13th to the 17th century, especially under the Mali Empire and Askia Mohammad I's rule. He had so much gold with him that when he stopped in Egypt, the Egyptian currency lost its value and as result the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on the 14th century world map.His brother Abu Bakar the II decided to find a way by the Atlantic ocean to go to Mecca. African floating rice (The plants grow up to three metres (9.8 feet) in height as the water level rises. When Mohammad Naddi died, Akil appointed his oldest son Umar to take his place. The famous scholar of Timbuktu Ahmad Baba who was among those deported to Morocco said that his library of 1600 books had been plundered, and his library, according to him, was one of the smaller in the city.Timbuktu was a veritable melting pot and hub of knowledge and commerce. The travelers have said that Timbuktu is the Rome of the Sudan, the Athena of Africa and the Mecca of the Sahara.To sum it up, Timbuktu was the city of Divine light, the city of knowledge, the city of trade an the city of hospitality.The booming economy of Timbuktu attracted the attention of the Emperor of Mali, Mansa Mussa also known as Kan Kan Mussa. The Tuareg, later on, however, spread so much injustice, corruption and tyranny, that Umar ibn Mohammad Naddi, the new governor of Timbuktu sought the help of Soni Ali Ber, ruler of the Songhai Empire with his base in Gao.In 1469, Soni Ali conquered the city of Timbuktu. The city of Timbuktu has taken its name from this famous black lady.The historic town of Timbuktu is located at the precise point where the Niger flows northward into the southern edge of the Sahara desert. "For centuries, they tried to reach the place because it was a mythological place of trade and Islamic scholars.

About 700,000 ancient manuscripts are held in the town's approximately 60 libraries.But the Timbuktu of today is very different from the golden age. However, where universities in the European sense started as associations of students and teachers, West-African education was Timbuktu served in this process as a distribution centre of scholars and scholarship. The institute houses only 10% of the manuscriptsTimbuktu is poorly connected to the Malian road network with only dirt roads to the neighbouring towns. In 1468–1469 though, many scholars left for Walata when This system of education survived until the late 19th century, while the 18th century saw the institution of itinerant Quranic school as a form of universal education, where scholars would travel throughout the region with their students, begging for food part of the day.Hundreds of thousands of manuscripts were collected in Timbuktu over the course of centuries: some were written in the town itself, others – including exclusive copies of the Hidden in cellars or buried, hid between the mosque's mud walls and safeguarded by their patrons, many of these manuscripts survived the city's decline. "For 200 years it was a city living on the sand but completely disconnected from the rest of the world and that was why it has such a mythology. Salt was extracted from the mines of Tegaza and Taoudenit in the north, gold from the immense gold mines of the Boure and Banbuk and books were the refined work of black and Arabs scholars.Timbuktu flourished as a result of its strategic position. They brought architects, money and labour to buiild many of the town's fine historic buildings. On his return from Mecca, Mans Mussa brought with him an Egyptian architect by the name of Abu Es Haq Es Saheli. Slaves and ivory were also traded.With its distinctive mud mosques rising from the sand, the town is a centre for Islamic scholarship. As a result of its unique geographical position, Timbuktu has been a natural meeting point of Songhai, Wangara, Fulani, Tuareg and Arabs. As a Muslim, Mansa Mussa was impressed with the Islamic legacy of Timbuktu. The town is the capital of the Timbuktu Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali. Because of its wealth and scholarly renown, the city was fought over by various Emperors during the next three centuries. He respected the Ulemas or scholars. It was in this context that when Pasha Mahmud tried to deceive the scholars by having them sign a treacherous treaty, the black eminent scholar and fearless professor of Sidi Yahya University, Mohammad Bagayogo objected and told the Pasha: “ I would rather have you cut my hand up to the shoulder than to bear a false testimony.” A lot of manuscripts left the city of Timbuktu under the Moroccan invasion to find their way to Fez and Marrakech.In 1893, with the colonization of West Africa by France, Timbuktu was brought under the French rule until in 1960 when Mali became independent.

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