A history of Rwanda and Burundi, two African nations run by Western Imperial powers until independence in 1961. Belgium educated only male Tutsi. After the Second World War the Belgians continued to run the economy to their own advantage.



Rwanda's northern and western borders were basically decided among the colonial powers in 1910. They belong to the same Banyarwanda nationality. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! The PARMEHUTU government defeated them and unleashed a wave of murderous reprisals against Tutsi civilians in Rwanda, described by the philosopher Bertrand Russell as "the most horrible and systematic massacre we have had occasion to witness since the extermination of the Jews by the Nazis."

The site now serves as the Ntarama Genocide Memorial, Ntarama, Rwanda.Poster of fugitives wanted for the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s.

Despite these policies growing numbers of Hutus actively opposed the regime. The Hutus were farmers.

However the division was now rigidly enforced: it was no longer possible to rise from the status of Hutu to Tutsi.

Their efforts to establish a racial basis for the Hutu-Tutsi division through qualities such as skin colour, nose and head size came to nothing: they fell back on the reality of economic division and defined a Tutsi as owner of ten or more cattle. Rwanda was created as a republic governed by the majority MDR-Parmehutu, which had gained full control of national politics. They share the same language, religions, and kinship and clan systems. If you have an ebook reader or a Kindle, check out our If you'd like to upload content to the library which is in line with the In 1963, a Tutsi guerrilla invasion into Rwanda from Burundi unleashed another anti-Tutsi backlash by the Hutu government; their forces killed an estimated 14,000 people.

Burundi and Rwanda are both part of a six-country regional trading bloc called the East African Community (EAC), with Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and the recently-admitted South Sudan the …



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In these conditions disease and famine spread.

The colonialists decided to come to terms with it by granting independence in 1961, and allowed free elections. Before their departure in 1916 the Germans had suppressed a rebellion and established coffee as a cash crop. The antagonism between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda and Burundi is not a tribal conflict.

And we know very much what happened after the first – chaos all over Burundi. Burundi became an independent state in 1962. The following year Tutsi refugees in Burundi invaded Rwanda and tried to take the capital, Kigali. A rebellion of Hutu farmworkers broke out the late 1950s. We need you to answer this question! Environmental damage also played its part.


Thanks to its colonial heritage Rwanda relied on coffee exports for anywhere between 60% and 85% of its foreign earnings. In 1990 the desperate Habyarimana Government adopted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Programme in return for credit and foreign aid. The elections were won by the Party for Hutu Emancipation, or PARMEHUTU.

Rwanda: How the genocide happened.

Rwanda - Rwanda - Genocide and aftermath: On April 6, 1994, a plane carrying Habyarimana and Burundi Pres. The Belgian authorities were meanwhile becoming concerned at the rise of radical nationalist sentiments amoung the Tutsi urban middle class. The regime prepared for resistance by stepping up the repression of political opponents, whether Hutu or Tutsi. Burundi became an independent state in 1962.The prior history of Western Imperial intervention which led to the events culminating in the genocide are vital background knowledge for an understanding of those horrific events.But the Tutsis and Hutus are not "tribes". If it's your first time on the site, or you're looking for something specific, it can be difficult to know where to start. Published. Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down over Kigali; the ensuing crash killed everyone on board.

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