All the public offices and opportunities are opened to everyone and to fill the posts public examinations are held. Aristotle rightly said.” The State originates in the bare needs of life and continues for the sake of good life.”How man should adjust himself with society is a major concern of political science. Democracy entails a political community in which there is some form of political equality among the people”. Only direct democracy of the Greek city-states type or Rousseauian type can assure of a real type of participation.

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There is also open competition on in which every eligible citizen has the right to participate.8. Democracy is a form of government in which people’s participation is of primary importance.2. Read these definitions carefully. Distribution of opportunities is adopted for reduction or removal of inequalities.5. It is difficult to put different ideas within a limited scope of single definition.When one examines an array of standard definitions, one is bound to be staggered at the nature of their diversity. “Joyce Mitchell in his book Political Analysis and Public Policy : ” Politics is the collective decision-making or policy-making common to the whole society . Law regulates and controls the animal behaviour of man. Political science definition is - a social science concerned chiefly with the description and analysis of political and especially governmental institutions and processes. Joseph Stiglitz, an economist, and winner of the Nobel Prize defines Globalization as follows:

In the light of above analysis we can conclude that though there is a controversy as to the exact implication of the word participation, in practice in nowhere of the world hundred percent people cannot participate in the affairs of state and inspite of this we use the word. Rulers are to be accountable to the ruled and forms of accountability are many.12.

Garner has rightly said that “Political Science begins with the State and ends with the State”. Despite this, one may attempt an analysis of a few standard definitions that have been found in the literature on Political Science.Many books have been written on Political Science by the eminent writers and different definitions have been given.A Perusal of these definitions shows that the authors themselves do not have very clear-cut views and they find it difficult to give precise definitions. Who are the people?The meanings of the two terms of the people and for the people are clear. Precisely stated, democracy is the rule by the people. As a social science, it deals with relationship of man with man. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: ( 384-322 BC ) can be regarded as the first to introduce the word through his observations about human politics that he called zoon politikon . The science of politics states conditions; the philosophy of politics justifies preferences.” Max Weber holds the similar view when he defines politics as “the struggle for power or influencing of those in power.” Further, it includes within its study the struggle between the State and the individuals and between the organised groups and the State.“Politics is the conduct of public affairs for private advantage”.“Politics is the science of who gets what, when and why.”“Political institutions are concerned with the distribution of powers in society.”“The meaning of the term “politics” is confined to that of the business and activity which has to do with the actual conduct of affairs of the State.” In short, political science begins and ends with the state.From these and other definitions, one may conclude that the “STATE” is the central theme of Political Science. We are said to be participating in the political life when our activity relates in some way to the making and execution of policy for a society) . In Greek there are two words—demos and kratos. However, the study of Political Science is wider than the activities of the State.Upson writes “More limited than politics is the concept of the state…. Hence, Political Science may be defined as ‘a science of liberty’.Political Science is a study about the State. ” ( Politics is the making of a decision by public means ) .David Easton in The Political System : ” Political science is the study of the formation of public policy .

Even in the so-called flourished or matured democracies people do not include all types of persons.It has been assumed by the policy-makers or politicians that (in most of the countries of course) men below certain age are not politically conscious and are not capable of taking judicious decision and for that reason they are debarred from participating in political affairs. And these activities are generally treated as activities of the various organs of government.”“Political Science is the science which is concerned with the State, which endeavours to understand and comprehend the State in its fundamental conditions, in its essential nature, its various forms of manifestations, its development”.“Political Science investigates the Phenomena of Government as Political Economy deals with wealth. and Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) It also attempts to formulate principles of good government or in other words, it suggests what the State ought to be. Interests of the minorities will be duly protected and state makes arrangements for that.7.

Aristotle saw politics as a natural tendency of human beings and can not be avoided , for example when he tries to determine his position in society , when he tried to achieve personal well-being , and when he attempted to persuade others to accept his view . In this sense, it is an analytical study of what the State is. How individual liberty should be safeguarded is an eternal problem in political science.As Rousseau once said, “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains”. Law is necessary to regulate social life and without law there would be chaos and confusion.

© 2017 PoliticalScienceNotes - All rights reserved © 2017 PoliticalScienceNotes - All rights reserved In this article I argue that they can be related in terms of what I call the Aristotelian criterion.

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