Forces under Gen. Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida, attacked several key locations, and pushed the Seminoles farther south into Florida.Finally, after several official and unofficial U.S. military expeditions into the territory, Spain formally ceded Florida to the United States in 1821, according to terms of the Adams-Onís Treaty.As soon as the United States acquired Florida, it began urging the Indians there to leave their lands and relocate along with other southeastern tribes to Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma.

Although Osceola died in prison in 1838, other Seminole leaders kept the battle going for a few more years.In 1842, a nominal end to the hostilities arrived, though no peace treaty was ever signed.

Seminoles attacking a fort, possibly on the Withlacoochee River, in December 1835 during the Second Seminole War.Osceola, detail of a lithograph by George Catlin, 1838



















But other Seminoles refused to recognize the treaty and fled into the Florida Everglades.The Treaty of Payne's Landing, signed by a small number of Seminoles in May 1832, required Indians to give up their Florida lands within three years and move west.





TheMicos Jumper, Alligator, Micanopy and Osceola, leading less than 3,000 warriors, were pitted against four U.S. generals and more than 30,000 troops.The Second Seminole War (1835-1842), usually referred to as the Seminole War proper, was the fiercest war waged by the U.S. government against American Indians.

Assistant Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

When the U.S. Army arrived in 1835 to enforce the treaty, the Indians were ready for war.As Major Francis Dade marched from Fort Brooke toward Fort King, 180 Seminole warriors led by Micanopy, Alligator and Jumper attacked.







But it did not.

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As Florida officials realized the Seminole would resist relocation, preparations for war began.

It was the longest of the wars of Indian removal.

The Location of the Second Seminole War: South and Central Florida. These old conflicts, combined with the safe-haven Seminoles provided black slaves, caused the U.S. army to attack the tribe in the First Seminole War (1817-1818), which took place in Florida and southern Georgia.

The Second Seminole War Was Fought Between: United States vs. Seminole Indians of Florida. with a double major in Spanish and in theatre arts from Ripon College.

These old conflicts, combined with the safe-haven Seminoles provided black slaves, caused the U.S. army to attack the tribe in the First Seminole War (1817-1818), which took place in Florida and southern Georgia.



















Second Seminole War, conflict (1835-42) that arose when the United States undertook to force the Seminole Indians to move from a reservation in central Florida to the Creek reservation west of the Mississippi River.









She previously worked on the Britannica Book of the Year and was a member...

















Even Seminoles were encouraged to set up farms, because they provided a buffer between Spanish Florida and the United States.

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The Second Seminole War (1835–42) followed the refusal of most Seminoles to abandon the reservation that had been specifically established for them north of Lake Okeechobee and to relocate west of the Mississippi River. By this time most Seminoles had been moved from Florida, relocated to Indian Territory today's Oklahoma.A Third Seminole War broke out in 1855, when conflicts -- largely over land -- arose between whites and some Seminoles who remained in Florida.

On the morning of December 28, the train of troops was ambushed by a group of Seminole warriors under the command of Alligator near modern-day Bushnell, Florida.



Learn more about the causes, battles, and outcome of the war.

The Florida Department of State manages our state's elections, corporations, historical and cultural resources and our libraries.After the American Revolution (1776-1783), Spain regained control of Florida from Britain as part of the Treaty of Paris. Instead, contact this office by phone or in writing.

If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records request, do not send electronic mail to this entity.



The Second Seminole War Resulted In: Seminole Indians were allowed to remain in South Florida, though some were encouraged to move West.



"Back when Britain controlled Florida, the British often incited Seminoles against American settlers who were migrating south into Seminole territory.





Settlers fled to safety as Seminole attacked plantations and a militia wagon train. Constant military patrols and rewards for the capture of Indians reduced the Seminole population to about 200 when the Third Seminole War ended in 1858.Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records.

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Only one man of that army detachment survived the ambush.The campaigns of the Second Seminole War were an outstanding demonstration of guerrilla warfare by the Seminole.


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