Was it right, he asked a relative in mid-1943, to sacrifice the salvation of one’s own soul if one might thereby save thousands of lives? But circumstances dictated a very different military career from his father’s.

Only today do I realize how brave it was of him to say that.”On August 17, 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg’s four children and his brother Berthold’s two were taken from their home and put on a train. Today, I still ask myself what thoughts were going through his head during that walk.” Uncle Nux would be tried and hanged a few weeks later for his part in the plot.The following day, Nina took her two eldest sons aside and gently told them that it was their father who had attempted to assassinate Hitler.

Over the next few weeks the children of other conspirators joined them. The home at Lautlingen became a sanctuary for frightened villagers after French Moroccan troops occupying the village ran amok, looting and raping. Claus, Count Schenk von Stauffenberg, entered the German army in 1926 and won distinction as a staff officer with a panzer (armoured) division in the campaigns in Poland and northern France (1939–40).

Thirty-six-year-old Colonel von Stauffenberg was a popular and able career soldier, singled out by his superiors for a glittering future. On June 11, the children’s great-aunt Alexandrine arrived in a Red Cross bus.

His children were, under Hitler’s orders, to change their names and be raised by an SS soldier’s family. As Germany’s military situation steadily worsened, Stauffenberg worked to perfect the plot and overturn the regime in time to prevent a Soviet invasion of Germany. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Their townhouse in Bamberg, for instance—which had been used by the U.S. Intelligence Corps and was badly damaged—was not restored to them until 1953, and they had to wage a long legal battle to win back much of their family property.Berthold eventually chose to follow in his father’s footsteps, becoming a soldier in the West German Bundeswehr.

Rommel’s once-vaunted Afrika Korps was now penned in against the sea, trapped by the Americans advancing from the west and the British from the east. Although two nurses remained behind to look after the children, they were largely left to their own devices and spent the time roaming the local woods in search of spent ammunition and other war booty.Then, as if by magic, another aunt came to their rescue. But from 1942 onward, that changed dramatically.

The recovery process was a long one. Von Stauffenberg’s brother and uncle were later killed, but his wife was later liberated, as were his children.Enraged by the attempt on his life, Hitler insisted that the very name ‘Stauffenberg’ be wiped from historyJuly 20, 1944, found the Stauffenberg family gathered, as they had so many summers before, at their rambling country house in the village of Lautlingen, in the rolling Swabian Alps of southern Germany. After he was transferred to the front in the Soviet Union, however, he became disillusioned with the German occupation’s brutal policies toward Slavs and Jews. Presiding over the household of six boisterous children were Claus’s wife, Nina; the children’s grandmother, Caroline, and their great-aunt Alexandrine; and their great-uncle Nikolaus Üxküll, known to all as “Uncle Nux.” Only he knew that their lives were about to be shattered.“By then the war was getting uncomfortably close,” Claus’s eldest son, Berthold, recalled in a recent interview—which made the escape from their house in Bamberg, some 130 miles to the northeast, especially welcome. Nevertheless, he told us above all never to forget for what our father had died. The continual memorial services for those who had fallen at the front—at which I often served as a Catholic altar boy—were another grim reminder of the war. Finally, as if all this was not enough, she told the boys that she was expecting her fifth child.“Our world split apart at a stroke,” Berthold said. A month later, the sympathetic Fraulein Verch told the children that their mother had given birth to a daughter. “That was the best Christmas present we could have wished for,” Berthold recalled. The reduction of the army’s independence was now made complete; National…

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